How do scientists perform an artificial transmutation?

they bombard nuclei with high-energy particles, such as protons, neutrons, or alpha particles.

they use a particle accelerator to speed up nuclear decay.

they use a strong electric current to remove neutrons from an atom.

They bombard nuclei with high-energy particles, such as protons, neutrons or alpha particles.

Explanation:

Artificial transmutation is a process in which the changing or manipulating of nucleus happen artificially. Scientists perform artificial transmutation by bombarding nuclei with high-energy particles.  Transmutation is basically conversion of one isotope or chemical element into another. Artificial transmutation is discovered in the 1901, by Rutherford and  Frederick Soddy. During their experiment thorium was converting  into Radium.

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enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products