Adna vaccine involves placing genes into a plasmid and introducing the plasmid into human cells. human cells then transcribe and translate the genes to produce antigen which immunize the recipient. what is the source of the genes being introduced?

Bacterial source

Explanation:

Given the bacterial source of the genes introduced, the antigens produced on the cell surface are bacterial and hence bacterial pathogens will recognise the host cells as bacterial cells, indirectly tricking the bacterial cells to prevent an infection. Therefore, this immunizes the recipients by preventing an bacterial infection in the recepient.

answer; the correct answer is (beta)

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure