12. which is required for cells to pump ions against the concentration gradient?
a. atp
b. osmosis
c. phospholipids
d. water

The correct option is A) ATP

Explanation:

Some ions or molecules tend to move in the cell along a concentration gradient. Such types of movement is known as passive transport. In passive transport, molecules move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Such kind of movement doesn't require energy.

Other kinds of molecules or ions move against the concentration gradient i.e from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. Energy is required for these process to occur.The energy used is in the form of ATP.

that is a club

explanation:

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the bald eagle got 50 because everything gets 10% of what they consume and since 50 is ten % of 500 hundred that means the   grasshopper had to have consumed a plant with 5,000 calories of energy