Lichens and mosses, followed by grasses and shrubs, slowly take root on a newly formed volcanic island. eventually the grasses and shrubs are replaced by pine trees, which remain as a stable community. what is the role of pine trees in the island ecosystem?
a. climax community
b. pionner community
c. intermediate community

Acar company is testing seatbelts using crash test dummies. the company finds that when cars come to a sudden stop, the crash test dummies' bodies continue to move forward. the seat belt keeps the crash test dummies from hitting the back of the seat in front of them. why do the crash test dummies' bodies continue to move forward even though the car stopped? a. the friction opposing their bodies' movement keeps them in motion. b. the inertia of their bodies keeps them in motion. c. the forward acceleration of the car keeps them in motion. d. the gravity pulling on the car keeps them in motion.

The body of water found at number 4 on the map above is the

What are the student's observations and inferences before he starts his investigation?