An antimicrobial drug that is effective against a very diverse array of bacteria is described as spectrum, whereas a drug that is very selective for a just a few different types of bacteria is described as spectrum.

a. broad

b. narrow

Explanation:

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are those capable of greatly reducing the bacterial load, destroying a large number of microorganisms of different types. On the other hand, reduced spectrum antibiotics are specific to a specific bacterial type.

They are usually bacteriostatic. That is, they do not completely destroy bacteria. Instead, they prevent their growth and reproduction. As a consequence, the bacterial population ends up disappearing. The mechanism of action is to inhibit the synthesis of proteins in the bacteria that prevents their growth.

Due to their effectiveness, one of the big problems is that they can eliminate, in addition to pathogenic bacteria, others that are beneficial to our endogenous flora.

There is a lot of antibiotics. This is due to the development of new antibiotics to replace the previous ones, already ineffective, as a result of the problem of resistance to these drugs.

On the other hand, reduced-spectrum drugs are only active antibiotics on a small group of species and it is very useful since on occasions, broad-spectrum antibiotics save an uncountable number of lives each year, but also contribute to autoimmune and metabolic diseases They are currently acquiring the category of 'modern pests' .