1. The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins.
2. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids.
3. Golgi apparatus performs the function of packaging and transport of macromolecules produced in the cell.
4. Transport vesicles help in the transport of macromolecules produced in the cell.
Explanation:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes the macro molecule protein. Endoplasmic reticulum which has ribosomes on its surface is called rough endoplasmic reticulum. The protein synthesis process is as follows.
The mRNA moves from nucleus into the ribosome. The ribosome then starts building the amino acid chain of the protein and the chain is pushed into cisternal space of the RER. When protein synthesis is complete they are sent off as vesicles into the golgi apparatus or cell membrane and some proteins are used by the cell and some are sent out of the cell.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum performs the function of lipid synthesis. Three main types of lipids that make up membranes of eukaryotic cells are phospholipids, cholesterol and glycolipids. The synthesis of phospholipids takes place at the cytosolic side of endoplasmic reticulum.
A membrane bound enzyme converts fatty acid from coenzyme. A carriers to glycerol-3-phosphate and a phospholipid is formed which is inserted into the membrane. Packaging and transport of various macromolecules produced in the cell is the main function of golgi apparatus. The proteins that are produced by the ribosomes get converted to its final form within the golgi apparatus.
The movement of proteins produced within the cell is inside the transport vesicles. The synthesized proteins from the ribosome move to the golgi apparatus and mature protein from the golgi apparatus move to other parts of the cell in the form of transport vesicles.
