Suppose there is a mutation in the c subunit of atp synthase, such that the glutamate found in the middle of one of the membrane spanning helices is converted to a valine. what is likely to be the effect on atp synthesis and why? what are uncouplers? provide an example of when this might be useful. why is there a major and a minor groove in dna? how is the processivity of dna polymerase iii accomplished?

Ascientist discovers a new body between the orbit of neptune and the kuiper belt. the object is round and travels in an orbit around neptune with other space objects. the scientist claims that she has found a new dwarf planet. where is the scientist’s error? the object is an asteroid, not a dwarf planet. the object is a moon, not a dwarf planet. the object is not a dwarf planet because it travels with other objects. the object is not a dwarf planet because it is round.