You examine four forested caribbean islands. each has four species of anolis lizard that use four ecological niches (for a total of 16 species). on each island, one species exclusively occupies either the ground, tree trucks, limbs and branches, or the smallest twigs and leaves. phylogenetic analysis shows that the species on each island form their own monophyletic groups. which is the best explanation for this pattern?
a. four lizard species colonized each island, and they maintained the ecological niche that they had in their ancestral home.
b. the lizards diversified into four species on one island, then subsequently, some of those dispersed and diversified on the other islands.
c. each island was founded by a colonizer, perhaps from a mainland, and divided up ecological niche space as they diversified into the four species present.
d. one lizard species evolved a broad fundamental niche on each island, then dispersed to the other islands, where they were restricted to narrowed realized niches.
e. all 16 species were historically present on all islands, but resource competition only allows four to survive on each island.