How do pioneer species make ecological succession possible on an island formed from a volcanic eruptions

1-they use chemicals to produce food.

2-they establish homes in which animals can live.

3-they break down rock into soil in which plants can grow

4-they adjust the climate by altering the average temperature in region

The correct option is 3. they break down rock into soil in which plants can grow

Explanation:

When a disaster is such huge that even the soil and organic matter get removed from the place, then the succession that will occur in such kind of place will be termed as primary succession. For example, a volcanic eruption or an earthquake.

On the other hand, if after a disaster some of the organic matter remains on the land, then the succession that will occur will be termed as secondary succession. E.g a succession after fire

In primary succession, the pioneer species will be plants that require less soil such as the lichens. The lichens will break down the rocks into the soil and eventually new species of plants will start to grow on the land.

brown

explanation:

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.