What are chemicals used to soften polyvinyl chloride (pvc) plastic found in a variety of products, such as detergents, cosmetics, body lotions, soft vinyl toys, and shower curtains? a) carcinogensb) phthalatesc) estrogensd) androgense) bpas

The correct answer is option B, that is, phthalates.

Explanation:

A class of chemicals that are used to soften plastics like PVC, function as fixatives and solvents and bind fragrances in the products are known as phthalates. The human encountering with the chemicals can take place via:  

1. Inhalation of fragrances or fumes from fixatives and solvents,  

2. Chewing on a plastic toy by a child that develops small openings in the plastic, which provides a space for the chemical to get leached from the toy into the mouth of the child.  

3. Through the absorption of perfumes, lotion, and deodorants.  

The serious health effects of the chemicals comprise developmental and reproductive issues, hormone disruption, low sperm count, asthma, undescended testes, preterm birth, premature puberty, and development of certain kinds of cancers.