Mrna / rna c) primer/rna nding sequence / dna function of rna polymerase is to the formation of phosphodiester bonds between dess b) catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between c) cleave mrna to remove introns d) activate trnas ribonuclootides 30. polycistronic transcription units are common in d) both archaea and bacteria. 31. an operon is a useful genetic element, because it a) encourages the binding of rna polymerase. ated ecnes in prokaryotes b) allows coordinated expression of multiple re c) translates dna d) encourages the binding of ribosomes in the correct location uence into amino acid sequence 32. plasmids often encode for proteins a) involved in translation b) required for cellular growth. c) that confer resistance to antibiotics. d) involved in dna replication. direct the to matches with the anticodon on the 33. the codon on the addition of the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain a) mrna / trna b) trna /mrna c) dna /mrna d) trna/trna 34. the structure and function of a protein are determined by its a) nucleotide b) amino acid c) ribonucleotide d) translocation 35. you experimentally change the dna sequence directly upstream of a start codon of an operon in e coli to investigate the function of this region of dna. analysis reveals that after the change the same amount of mrna is made from the operon, but there are very few proteins made from the operon. what is the most likely function of the dna sequence that you changed? a) the dna sequence likely functions as a ribosome-binding site b) the dna sequence likely functions as a promoter a) dna replication. b) rna transcription c) mrna translation. d) transcriptional regulation 22. dna participates in protein synthesis through a) cyclic messengers. b) direct pairing with amino acids c) an rna intermediate. d) protein folding. 23. the two strands of the dna double helix are held together by a) 5'to 3'attraction. b) hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. d) peptide bonds between nucleotide bases. 24. in bacteria, a chromosome can be distinguished from a plasmid, because a chromosome isa genetic element that a) is circular. b) is linear c) encodes for essential functional genes. d) replicates via a bidirectional fork. 25. transposable elements are a) segments of dna that move from one site to another. b) transcribed genes. c) segments of rna that are involved in transposing dna into proteins. d) proteins that aid in the secretion of enzymes out of the cell. 26. in complementary base pairing of dna, adenine pairs with (or_ in rna) and cytosine always pairs with a) guanine/uracil /thymine b) uracil/thymine /guanine c) thymine /guanine/uracil d) thymine /uracil/guanine 27. the function of the dna polymerase is to catalyze a) the addition of deoxynucleotides. b) the formation of rna primers. c) the addition of ribonucleotides. d) hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs. 28. dna replication is started with a(m) of: a) promoter/ dna which, in most cases, in vivo is a short