You are studying three populations of birds. population 1 has ten birds, of which one is brown (a recessive trait) and nine are red. population 2 has 100 birds. in that population, ten of the birds are brown. population 3 has 30 birds, and three of them are brown. a. in which population is the frequency of the allele for brown feathers highest? explain. b. in which population would it be least likely that an accident would significantly alter the frequency of the brown allele? explain. c. which population is most likely to be subject to the bottleneck effect. explain.

a) the frequency of the allele for brown feathers is the same for the three populations.

b) The frequency of the allele for brown feathers in population 2 would be the less affected by an accident

c) Population 1 is the most likely to be affected by a bottleneck effect.

Explanation:

Dividing the number of copies of each phenotype for the total number of individuals will give the frequency of each allele in the population. This is:

1) N=10

    Number of red individuals= 9

    Number of brown individuals= 1

    Brown allele frequency= 1/10= 0,1

2) N=100

    Number of red individuals= 90

    Number of brown individuals= 10

    Brown allele frequency= 10/100= 0,1

3) N=30

    Number of red individuals= 27

    Number of brown individuals= 3

    Brown allele frequency= 3/30= 0,1

The three populations have exactly the same frequency of the allele for brown feathers.

The effects of genetic drift are changes in allelic frequencies from one generation to the other. This effect is inversely proportional to the population size. So if an accident occurs, the frequency of the brown allele in population 2 would be less affected because this is the biggest population. Although, as low-frequency alleles are the most likely to be lost, in the three populations the allele for brown feathers will be the most affected as it is the allele showing the lowest frequency in the three cases. Genetic drift produces a loss of genetic variability within a population.

The bottleneck effect is a special case of genetic drift, which is most likely to affect smaller populations, which is the case of population 1.

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