Imagine you are a cattle farmer and you are performing a dihybrid cross to determine if the alleles of gene a and gene b assort independently. you mate a bull with the aabb genotype with a cow that has the aabb genotype (a dominant over a; b dominant over b), cross the f1’s with themselves, and produce the following ratio of phenotypes in 160 offspring from the f2 generation:

character a trait/character b trait

89 dominant/dominant

28 dominant/recessive

32 recessive/dominant

11 recessive/recessive

remembering that mendel’s expected phenotype ratio is based on the assumption that the two genes’ alleles do assort independently, perform a chi square analysis to determine if these two genes assort independently. use 7.815 as your critical value of chi squared.

a. decomposes use carbon from dead organisms as fuel for cellular respiration, returning carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

the answer would be   10%