Which one of the following statements is true? a. voluntary hyperventilation results in acidosis. b. emphysema directly impairs inhalation more than it directly impairs exhalation. c. the hemoglobin-o2 dissociation curve shifts to the left during metabolic acidosis. d. within the lung, it makes sense that low po2 would causes pulmonary arterioles to dilate. e. all of the above statements are false.

The correct answer is option E.

Explanation:

Voluntary hyperventilation results in alkalosis, not in acidosis. Alkalosis takes place when the body possesses too many bases. It can take place due to decreased levels of carbon dioxide or due to enhanced level of bicarbonates in the blood, that is, a base.  

Emphysema directly impairs exhalation more than it directly impairs inhalation. Emphysema refers to a lung disorder, which leads to shortness of breath. In the individuals suffering from the condition, the air sacs in the lungs, that is, alveoli get damaged.  

The hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right at the time of metabolic acidosis. The low partial pressure of oxygen within the lungs results in the constriction of pulmonary arterioles. Thus, all the mentioned statements are false.