Which of the following statements about bird respiration is false?
a. air flowing through the air channels in the lungs moves in a tidal fashion.
b. it takes two ventilation cycles for a single breath of air to move through a bird's respiratory system.
c. the unidirectional flow of air through a bird's lungs maintains a larger concentration gradient for diffusion than can be obtained through tidal breathing.
d. bird lungs receive fresh air during both inhalation and exhalation.
e. oxygen is exchanged between the air and the bloodstream in the lungs, but not in the air sacs.

D

Explanation: The pulmonary air sacs of birds only permit a unidirectional flow of air through the lungs. Unidirectional flow means that air is inhale and exhale through one trachea alternatively. This means the bird lungs only receive largely fresh air which has a high oxygen content during inhalation and do not receive fresh during exhalation. While air flow bidirectional in mammals.

answer: accepted answer: aquatic animals use the oxygen dissolved in water to carry out respiration. since the amount of dissolved oxygen in water is low as compared to the amount of oxygen in the air, therefore the rate of breathing in aquatic animals is much faster than it is in terrestrial animals.

explanation:

they had the law tat factories that produces smoke cannot be built near residential buildings.

building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.