Estimation of vmax and km by inspection although graphical methods are available for accurate determination of the vmax and km of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction (see box 6–1), sometimes these quantities can be quickly estimated by inspecting values of v0 at increasing [s]. estimate the vmax and km of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction for which the following data were obtained.
[s]mvo (um/min)
2.5 x 10-628
4.0 x 10-640
1.0 x 10-570
2.0 x 10-595
4.0 x 10-5112
1.0 x 10-5128
2.0 x 10-3139
1.0 x 10-2140

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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1. amino acid refers to the fundamental building block of proteins, comprising of an amino group and a carboxyl group.

2. catalyst refers to any substance, which increases the rate of chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction.

3. a complex molecule containing he genetic code is dna or deoxyribonucleic acid.

4. an enzyme refers to a molecule of protein, which is unique in accelerating up a particular chemical reaction in the biological systems.

5. nucleic acid refers to an sequence of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases, for example, dna and rna.

6. a protein refers to a large, composite organic molecule comprising of a huge number of amino acids associated together with the of peptide bonds.

7. rna refers to a nucleic acid that takes part in the production of proteins.

8. substrate refers to a compound, which takes part in a chemical reaction, and is chemically modified by the reaction.

these muscles maintain the blood pressure in the vessels. the smooth muscles are innervated by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. when the muscles contract, they cause vasoconstriction of the vessels and increase blood pressure. when the muscles relax, they enable vasodilation of the   blood vessels hence reduce blood pressure.