1. are not involved as coenzymes. but they are still essential in our diet, and they are involved in important processes such as vision, bone formation, protection from oxidation, and blood clotting.
2. is a vitamin that is used in reactions that transfer single-carbon units. the vitamin also reduce the risk of birth defects such as spina bifida and cleft lip. women of child-bearing age should consume the recommended amount of this vitamin.
3. is involved in the formation of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, which are important amino acids and part of the collagen that forms the connective tissues. lack of this vitamin causes scurvy, which can be prevented with citrus and other fruits.
4. is absorbed from some foods like carrots in the form of carotene. the vitamin accumulates in the rods and cones of the eyes and plays a role in vision.
5. the act as coenzymes in the body. they do not stay bonded to only one enzyme, but are used over and over again by different enzymes.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the bottleneck effect? answers a in south africa, much of the afrikaner population is descended from a small number of dutch colonists. in this population, this is an unusually high frequency of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (pxe), an elastic tissue disorder. b four white-tailed deer are introduced to a park in finland. thirty years after their introduction scientists compare the genes in the population and find that there is no variation. c during the industrial revolution, london's air became filled with soot. as a result, birds started eating more of the lighter moths because they were easier to spot than their darker counterparts. over time, the moth population changed so that there were more darker moths than lighter ones. d 10% of the population of american alligators in an area have the recessive trait albinism. a massive flood results in the death of 80% of the population. of the remaining population, 60% have the recessive trait of albinism.

Aperson is outside exercising. body temperature begins to rise, and the person starts to sweat. their body temperature then returns to normal, and the body stops sweating. a positive b negative c allosteric d homeopathic

Which of the following types of stars is most likely to end up as a supernova? in graph a, the curve peaks at 800 nm, in the red section of the visible light spectrum. in graph b, the curve peaks at 550 nm, in the green section of the visible light spectrum. in graph c, the curve peaks at 450 nm, in the blue section of the visible light spectrum. in graph d, the curve peaks at 300 nm, in the violet section of the visible light spectrum. a b c d