The pancreas releases alkaline secretions into the duodenum that raise the digestive chyme to ph = 8 - 8.5. whereas this is the optimal range for activity of pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin, this alkaline ph inhibits enzymes such as pepsin, that were previously added by the stomach. this inhibition of pepsin in the duodenum occurs by

How is ribosomal rna useful as a molecular clock? a. a large portion of the dna ring is not vital to structure or function, allowing it to accumulate neutral mutations. b. its rate of mutation increases over time as organisms continue to evolve and differentiate from each other. c. a slow mutation rate makes it useful for determining evolutionary relationships between ancient species. d. it is only found in select organisms, making it easier to compare relationships between species that have it.

Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin contact. once a virus gains entry into the body, it invades a host cell in order to? a. synthesize antibodies for defense b. deactivate the host cell's defenses c. access cell processes for reproduction d. metabolize host proteins and grow

Question 17 (1 point) where does penicillin come from? a. it is a chemical that man invented b. it is a fungus c. it is a toxin made by other bacteria d. it was discovered in archaebacteria