In 1918, an epidemic of sleeping sickness caused an unusual rigid paralysis in some survivors, similar to symptoms of advanced parkinson’s disease. years later, l-dopa, a chemical used to treat parkinson’s disease was given to some of these patients. l-dopa was remarkably effective at eliminating the paralysis, at least temporarily. however, its enantiomer, d-dopa, was subsequently shown to have no effect at all, as is the case for parkinson’s disease. in a short essay discuss how tne effectiveness of one enantimer and the other illustrates the theme structure and function, discuss how the effectiveness of one enantiomer and not the other illustrates the theme of structure and function.

carbon

explanation:

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

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