Which observation would be evidence for allopatric speciation among finch species of the galápagos islands?
a. the birds are closely related to birds found on the mainland.
b. pairs of sister species can be found on adjacent islands.
c. specific beak sizes are adaptations to the seeds of different species.
d. no pairs of sister species formed on the same island.
e. many different species have been found on the islands.

The correct answer is c. Specific beak sizes are adaptations to the seeds of different species.

Explanation:

Allopatric speciation occurs when a population of a species is isolated geographically from their group. Then these isolated populations evolve in different species due to the selective pressure of natural selection.

The best example of allopatric speciation is seen in finches that live in the Galapagos Islands. These finches are isolated due to oceans on different islands of Galapagos and they developed different types of beaks according to the food they get on their island.

Some developed large blunt beaks to crack nuts, some developed long beaks to eat flowers and due to geographical isolation they did not interbreed and developed into a new species of finch. Therefore the correct answer is c.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

it’s lava came from an explosive eruption