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how much of the matter consumed at lower trophic levels is transferred to higher trophic levels to produce growth and release energy through cellular respiration? a. all of the energy transfers from one level to the next. b. a small fraction of the energy is transferred to higher trophic levels, majority stays in the lower trophic levels. c. half of the energy transfers to higher trophic levels, and half of it stays in the lower trophic level. d. none of the energy transfers between trophic levels, it all stays in the lowest level.

B. A small fraction of the energy is transferred to higher trophic levels, majority stays in the lower trophic levels

Explanation:

Energy transfer between trophic levels is insufficient. When an organism is eaten by another organism, not all of the biomass of prey forms the biomass of the predator. Majority of the energy is released into environment during cellular respiration. Some of the matter also remains undigested and is not used by the predator. Thus, only 10% of energy available at one level is transferred to the next level. So when we keep on moving up in a food chain, energy available keeps on decreasing.

velocity and height

d) center of the mid-ocean ridge

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