Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
a. both are surrounded by a single membrane.
b. both reproduce by meiosis.
c. both have their own dna.
d. both are found in plant and animal cells.
e. proteins for both are synthesized on ribosomes in the rough er.

c. Both have their own DNA.

Explanation:

Both chloroplast and mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles which means that they both have their own DNA. Both of these organelles have a circular DNA and make some of their own proteins by themselves. Both are double membrane-bound organelles. Chloroplast has a third membrane system called thylakoid.

Chloroplasts are found in the plant cells only as they are the site for photosynthesis. Mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells and are the site for cellular respiration to produce energy to support the vital functions of cells.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products