11. which pair of elements would be expected to form an ionic bond
a. nitrogen and oxygen
b. lithium and fluorine
c. carbon and hydrogen

12. which of the following is true?
a. biased thinking promotes scientific ideas
b. open-mindedness restricts scientific thinking
c. creativity fosters scientific discovery

13. which of the following is an example of a necessary chemical reaction in a living organism?

b. plants have the ability to trap and store energy from water
c. animals have the ability to trap and store energy from the sun
d. plants have the ability to trap and store energy from the sun

14. a stream of water will bend toward a balloon that has been rubbed on a sweater to generate static charge. which property of water is responsible for this behavior?
a. the polarity of the water molecule
b. the ability of water to form hydrogen bonds with itself
c. the heat capacity of the water molecule

15. which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between an acidic and a basic solution?
a. a basic solution has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
b. a basic solution has equal concentrations of hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions
c. an acidic solution has equal concentrations of hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions

16. which diagrams in the exam correctly shows the pathway of a reaction that absorbs energy?

b.
c.
d.

17. which of the following statements is true about catalysts?

b. all catalysts are enzymes
c. catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction
d. catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction

fill-in-the-blank

word box (one term per response – no repeating, but you will not use every term):
*metabolism *covalent *electrons *hydrogen ions
*protons *ionic *controlled experiment

18. an experiment in which only one variable is changed is a(an) experiment.

19. the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes is called

20. neutrons and are found in the nucleus of an atom.

21. a chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is a(an) bond.

22. the ph scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of in a solution.

constructed response
**note: in order to obtain full credit for constructed responses, you must address all prompts within each question. this means you will provide multiple sentences, each containing a minimum of 1-2 vocab words from this unit.

23. identify one of the properties of water. describe the property as it occurs in nature. explain why this property exists by describing the atomic structure of a water molecule. 3 points.

24. what element is the basis for all organic life? explain the structural (atomic) aspects of this element that make it uniquely suited for constructing organic life. 3 points.

25. the theory of vitalism has been rejected by present-day scientists. describe vitalism. describe what scientists now think about the basis of life. explain why they rejected the theory of vitalism. 3 points.

26. describe how enzymes affect chemical reactions. explain why enzymes are important to living things. 3 points.