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what is the primary distinguishing factor between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

anaerobic respiration uses fermentation whereas aerobic respiration uses glycolysis, the krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

aerobic respiration gives off carbon dioxide whereas anaerobic respiration gives off oxygen.

anaerobic respiration takes place without the use of oxygen whereas aerobic respiration uses oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.

anaerobic respiartion only takes place in yeast and bacteria whereas aerobic respiration always takes place in higher organisms such as plants and animals.

Anaerobic respiration takes place without the use of oxygen whereas aerobic respiration uses oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.

Explanation:

Glycolysis can occur without the need or oxygen because it is not needed in the metabolic chain. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cell and produces pyruvate as the end products and 2 net ATPs. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid that is later excreted from the body.

In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA and enters the Krebs cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria. Here the end products are water (from the reduction of oxygen) and 34 ATPs.

Note that CO₂ is also a byproduct in both Krebs cycle and Glycolysis.