Classify the stages of succession of a field that is becoming overgrown with shrubs after a few years of disuse

The field is experiencing Secondary succession.

Explanation:

Ecological communities change slowly over time. While primary succession is initiated by pioneer species in areas that haven't previously been colonized; secondary succession always follows other communities. Secondary succession follows major disruptions in communities like fires, storms, flooding and even human disturbance.

The field becoming overgrown is typical of secondary succession. After years of disuse, the field is being occupied by species more capable of thriving in changed conditions. The community may be on its way to becoming a stable climax community if no further disruptions occur.

the transfer for conduction is the heat transfering from the liquid to the spoon

the transfer for convection is the heat rising from the liquid to the air

the transfer for radiation is the heat going through the sides of the cup and to the air

at least that is what i would do

any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.