5. lichens that colonize bare rocks are an example of a pioneer species.
which environment would a pioneer species be most successful?

Explanation:

They usually include bacteria and lichens (see Figure below). Along with wind and water, the pioneer species help weather the rock and form soil. Once soil begins to form, plants can move in. The first plants are usually grasses and other small plants that can grow in thin, poor soil.

i think that c)gold was found there

but i am not sure