True-breeding flies with singed bristles (s) and normal wings (l) were crossed to true-breeding flies with normal bristles (s) and vestigial wings (l). all f1 offspring had normal wings and normal bristles. (note: assume that neither of these genes is x-linked.) the f1 offspring were then crossed to flies with singed bristles and vestigial wings. for the f2 offspring, what genotypes and phenotypes are possible? which f2 offspring are recombinant and which are nonrecombinant? what will be the ratios of the f2 offspring if independent assortment is taking place? how will the ratios be affected by linkage?

Why aren't the stains like crystal violet and safranin washed away with water during simple staining?

In what for do plants utilize nitrogen? why do they need nitrogen?

Coat color in cats is determined by genes at several different loci. at one locus on the x chromosome, one allele (x ) encodes black fur and another allele (xo) encodes orange fur. females can be black (x x ), orange (xoxo), or a mixture of orange and black called tortoiseshell (x xo). males are either black (x y) or orange (xoy). bill has a female tortoiseshell cat named patches. one night, patches escapes from bill\'s house, spends the night out, and mates with a stray male. patches later gives birth to the following kittens: one orange male, one black male, two tortoiseshell females, and one orange female. what are the genotypes of patches, the stray male, and the kittens?