Dominance hierarchies
a. are found only in monogamous and solitary primates
b. likely give dominant males and females a reproductive advantage
c. are permanent and inflexible
d. do not result in dominant females having priority access to food

The correct answer is option B. likely give dominant males and females a reproductive advantage .

Explanation:

Dominance hierarchy is a social hierarchy in which members of a group of animals interact with each other to form a ranking system or superiority and inferiority of the organism. In such social groups, members have to compete for access for the food and resources which are limited.

Mating is also decided on the basis of the dominance of males and females in such social groups. Dominant male-female have always advantage for mating in comparison to lower members in the ranking.

For instance, female baboon mated to a dominant male or high ranked male so she can get high rank as well for the time of period.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.  likely give dominant males and females a reproductive advantage .

increase soil erosion                                             reduce soil erosion

cattle grazing                                                         hydroseeding

deforestation                                                         contour plowing

                                                                                planting vegetation

plant roots basically hold the top soil

together and stop soil erosion because

in such situation top soil is not removed

during flood but cattle grazing causes

soil erosion because cattle consume the

grasses and herbs and top soil is exposed.

same situation occurs because of

deforestation, the trees and plants are cut

down to expose top soil which causes soil

erosion

well, you see. the answer to your question is quite simple. the thing that is big, powerful, and over 9,000 is your mom.