Question 3
volcanic islands and island chains, like the hawaiian islands, were created by
(need an answer here) spots, which may or may not occur on
a plate's boundary.
question 4
a crack in the crust near iceland is what is thought to have started the breakup of
pangaea. this crack created the (need answer here)
ocean. as that ocean expanded, the (need answer here)
ocean shrank in size.

3. Hot spots , 4. S shaped mid oceanic ridge,  pacific ocean.

Explanation:

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.