How are restriction enzymes and ligase used in biotechnology?
a. restriction enzymes cut dna at specific locations, producing ends that can be ligated back together with ligase
b. only restriction enzymes that produce blunt ends after cutting dna can be ligated with ligase
c. only restriction enzymes that produce sticky ends on the dna can be ligated with ligase
d. restriction enzymes can both cut dna at specific sites and ligate them back together
e. restriction enzymes randomly cut dna, and the cut fragments can be ligated back together with ligase

A. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific locations, producing ends that can be ligated back together with ligase.

Explanation:

Restriction enzymes are one of the endonucleases that cut the DNA at specific base sequences. The base sequences recognized and cut by the  restriction enzymes are known as restriction sites.

Restriction enzymes are used in recombinant DNA technology to cut the DNA at specific sites. Restriction enzymes can produce DNA fragments with sticky ends or blunt ends. These DNA fragments are joined together by DNA ligase enzyme.

For example, the donor DNA and the vector DNA are cut at specific sites using a particular restriction enzyme. The resultant DNA fragments have complementary ends that are ligated together by the action of a DNA ligase enzyme. The result is the insertion of a gene of interest into the vector DNA.

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave

well the answer is 2!