Bioinformatics includes all of the following except
a. using computer programs to align dna sequences.
b. using dna technology to combine dna from two different sources in a test tube.
c. developing computer-based tools for genome analysis.
d. using mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems.

The correct answer is option b.

Explanation:

Bioinformatics refers to the branch of science, which uses biotechnology and computer technology associated information for different objectives. It uses computer knowledge to assess sequences of DNA, computer-based tools for analysis of genomes, and mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems.  

However, the approach of bioinformatics does not need wet-lab experiments to combine DNA from two distinct sources in a test tube. Thus, option b is the incorrect one.  

"menstrual cycle is a complex cycle that consists of several processes. order of occurrence of steps in menstrual cycle are as follows:

1. high progesterone levels maintain the endometrium lining of the uterus.

2. endometrium lining breaks down and low levels of estrogen stimulate the pituitary to release fsh and lh.

3. fsh and lh stimulates the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.

4. rising estrogen levels suppress fsh production and development of other follicles.

5. a spike in lh causes follicle to rupture.

6. a breakdown of corpus luteum causes progesterone level to drop."

explanation:

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