1. the study of food intake and its effects upon the body is called

Nutrition

Explanation:

Nutrition is the study of diet and its relation to health. Those that specialize in this type of study are dietitians. It is considered a science that deals with what we eat and how it affects our bodies. They study things like how deficiencies, excesses or imbalances of certain foods or food components (i.e. minerals, vitamins, nutrients, etc.) relate to overall health as the state of any of these may result in a disorder or disease. They not only determine cause but they also help in developing interventions to help treat patients with different diet-related diseases; and help in developing preventive measures.

The role of nutrition as a study is imperative because essentially, we are what we eat. What we consume on a regular basis contributes to the efficiency of the functions of our body. The food we eat can have an effect on the body not only in the organ level, but even on the cellular level, as our cells rely on the food we eat and drink for energy to function.