Using your knowledge of protein structure explain in detail the effect of exposing an enzyme to a ph outside of its optimal range. include the effect on both enzyme structure and functional

A change in pH can change the ionization of the side groups of basic and acidic amino acids of proteins., It is important to remember that these charges of are importance in stabilizing a protein secondary and tertiary structure and consequently affects its function. Changing these charges alters these interactions and disturbs protein loops such as beta-sheets and alpha-helices. This can change the structure of a proteins enzyme’s active site and cause it to fail to bind to a substrate or catalyze a reaction.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."

answer; three;