What are the different junctions in animal cells? plant cells? which junctions in plant and animal cells are similar? which junctions in plant and animal cells are similar?

The different junctions in animal cells are tight junction, gap junction, and desmosomes.

Explanation:

The different cells are joined by cell junctions. The major functions of cell junction are communication between the cells. In animal cells, there are 3 types of cells - tight cells, gap junctions, and desmosomes.  

The tight junctions are watertight seals. This does not allow any water or ions to pass through the cells. The gap junctions are present in epithelial tissue organs such as lungs, bladder, intestine, stomach, and kidneys.

The gap junctions are connective channels between 2 cells. This allows the ions, water, and other molecules to pass between the cells. The gap junctions are present in the cardiac muscles. Here it allows the passage of calcium ions and helps in the action potential.

Desmosomes connect 2 cells along with the microfilaments. This is composed of keratin. It helps in holding 2 or more cells tightly. Due to desmosomes tissues can be stretched.  

e.g. skin, intestines.

In-plant cells the 2 cells are joined by plasmodesmata. This arises from the middle lamella. It is also a channel-like structure that connects the protoplasm of 2 cells. The ions and other molecules pass between the plant cells by plasmodesmata.  

The plasmodesmata and gap junctions are similar. They both help in cell communication in plants and animals and transport ions, molecules.

the african cheetah.

this species has a relatively low level of genetic

variation because the population was reduced to a small size approxi-

mately 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

chapter   outline

24.1

genes in populations and the hardy-

weinberg equation

24.2

factors that change allele and genotype

frequencies in populations

24.3     sources of new genetic variation

population   genetics

24

until   now,   we   have   primarily   focused   our   attention   on   genes  

within   individuals   and   their   related   family   members.   in   this  

chapter   and   chapters   25   and   26   ,   we   turn   to   the   study   of   genes   in  

a   population   or   species.   the   field   of

population   genetics

  is   con-

cerned   with   changes   in   genetic   variation   within   a   group   of   indi-

viduals   over   time.   population   geneticists   want   to   know   the   extent  

of   genetic   variation   within   populations,   why   it   exists,   and   how   it  

changes   over   the   course   of   many   generations.   the   field   of   popu-

lation   genetics   emerged   as   a   branch   of   genetics   in   the   1920s   and  

1930s.   its   mathematical   foundations   were   developed   by   theoreti-

cians   who   extended   the   principles   of   gregor   mendel   and   charles  

darwin   by   deriving   formulas   to   explain   the   occurrence   of   geno-

types   within   populations.   these   foundations   can   be   largely   attrib-

uted to three scientists: sir ronald fisher, sewall wright, and j. b. s.

haldane.   as   we   will   see,   support   for   their   mathematical   theories  

was provided by several researchers who analyzed the genetic com-

position   of   natural   and   experimental   populations.   more   recently,  

population   geneticists   have   used   techniques   to   probe   genetic  

variation   at   the   molecular   level.   in   addition,   staggering   advances  

in   computer   technology   have   aided   population   geneticists   in   the  

analysis   of   their   genetic   theories   and   data.   in   this   chapter,   we   will  

explore   the   genetic   variation   that   occurs   in   populations   and   con-

sider   the   reasons   why   the   genetic   composition   of   populations   may  

change over the course of several generations