What protects the small intestines from the acidic chyme that is released from the stomach?
a. bicarbonate from the pancreas
b. chyme is released in small amounts into the small intestines
c. bicarbonate from the liver
d. a and b
e. b and c

The correct answer will be option-D.

Explanation:

The HCl secreted from the stomach makes the food or chyme acidic which can harm the digestive organs like small intestine.

So to protect the small intestine from the acidic nature of the chyme, the chyme enters the duodenum through pyloric sphincter which controls the movement of chyme to intestine and allows the slow movement of chyme,.

The pancreatic juice released from the pancreas contains enzymes and bicarbonates which neutralizes the action of HCl and hence prevent the small intestine.

Thus, option-D is the correct answer.

frogs. the lower the ph the higher the acid content. frogs have the highest tolerance in this scenario.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.