Q1. when the chromosomes line up in mitosis this is known as which phase?

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

colors do exist. the color of the sky is actually violet; humans percieve the color of the sky as blue.