What are the structural and functional similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Mitochondria is an organelle which is in charge of all the major processes that occur in the cell. It is otherwise known ads the powerhouse of the cell.

Chloroplast is the organelle which is responsible for the green plants to convert sunlight to energy. This energy is stored in form of ATP and NADPH

The similarities between mitochondria and chloroplast is

The differences between them include:

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Similarities between Mitochondria and Chloroplasts-

Both mitochondria and chloroplast consists of DNA , have two membranes, have fluids inside them and convert energy.

Difference between Mitochondria and Chloroplasts-

They have different number of compartments, have different functions, and are involved in different energy processes.

Explanation:

Difference in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts-

a)Chloroplast is found in plants and unicellular organism and Mitochondria is found  all cells.

b)Chloroplast converts solar energy into chemical energy while Mitochondria converts one form of chemical energy into other form of chemical energy

c)Chloroplast is involved in photosynthesis while mitochondria is involved in cellular respiration.

d)Chloroplast has three parts i) Thylakoid ii) stroma  and iii) granum while mitochondria has three parts i) Critsa ii) Matrix

Similarities between Mitochondria and Chloroplasts-

Both mitochondria and chloroplast consists of DNA , have two membranes, have fluids inside them and convert energy.

1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation: