Where does the calvin cycle take place? a. thylakoid membrane b. stroma of the chloroplast c. outer membrane of the chloroplast d. cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast e. chlorophyll molecule

The correct answer will be option B- stroma of the chloroplast.

Explanation:

The Calvin cycle or the light-independent reaction is a set of chemical reactions which produces the energy molecule of a plant called sucrose.

The Calvin reaction takes place in the inner space of the chloroplast known as the "stroma". Stroma is the fluid-filled inside the chloroplast which surrounds the grana and the thylakoid.

Thus, option B is the correct answer

1. efficient use of space

2. elimination of groundwater contamination

3. energy generation

4. lower carbon footprint