Breakage–fusion–bridge (bfb) cycles may drive tumorigenesis by select one:
a. shortening telomeric dna.
b. driving cellular proliferation.
c. promoting telomere instability.
d. providing a means for cells to acquire additional mutations.
e. increasing expression levels of htert.

-Option (d).

Explanation:

BFB (breakage-fusion-bridge) cycle can be defined as a mechanism associated with chromosomal disabilities. The breakage-fusion-bridge cycles are associated with tumorigenesis as it induces chromosomal abnormalities in cells.

It starts with breakdown of chromosomal end region (telomere). When that chromosome goes for replication, daughter chromatids formed by it lack telomere.

During anaphase, fused chromosomes get separated and each daughter cell gets a chromosome without telomere. These mutated daughter cells replicate again and as this process rerun, it can lead to accumulation of chromosomal instability and tumor formation.

Thus, the correct answer is option (D).

(d).

Explanation:

Just cross bye chooing, (B/S). in . (d).

a. decomposes use carbon from dead organisms as fuel for cellular respiration, returning carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.