Which of the following is characteristic of a nongenotoxic carcinogen? a. generally shows little structural diversity b. would be expected to produce positive responses in in vitro assays for mutagenic potential c. has no influence on the promotional stage of carcinogenesis d. typically exerts other forms of toxicity and/or disrupts cellular homeostasis

The correct answer is option d.

Explanation:

The non-genotoxic carcinogens lead to cancer not by amending the genotype, that is, they do not cause mutations straightforwardly. In spite, they result in cancers due to secondary mechanisms that are not associated with direct damage of the gene. They influence either the growth factors or the hormones related to growth.

•there must be variation for the particular trait within a population.

•the variation must be inheritable (that is, it must be capable of being passed on from the parents to their offspring).

•individuals with one version of the trait must produce more offspring than those with a different version of the trait.good

explanation:

label a cell membrane

label b cytoplasm

label c ribosomes

label d dna

the membrane forms the outside of the cell

cytoplasm is the liquid within

ribosomes are the components within that distribute rna

the dna is the genetic make-up