Which enzyme ensures there is an equal distribution of newly synthesized phospholipids across the membrane?
a. flippase
b. spectrin
c. scramblases
d. transferase

The correct answer is C. The enzyme that ensures there is an equal distribution of newly synthesized phospholipids across the membrane is the scramblase.

Explanation:

Scramblases are proteins used to move phospholipids from one monolayer to another of the lipid bilayer inside the plasma membrane of a cell. This protein, unlike flippase, is not selective with respect to lipids but "reverses" them on the other side of the membrane in a random and non-specific manner. It therefore causes the phospholipids not to be added only on one side when the membrane is formed or expanded, but also on the opposite side in contact with the extracellular environment.

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.