Describe the important role that carbon plays in living things.

What protects the lining of the stomach from acidic gastric juices?

How can you approximate the number of calories required to keep you in energy balance?

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.