About one year is required in the gymnosperm:
to develop the egg
to grow the male and female cones
between pollination and fertilization
between fertilization and germination

small, big, or no change could occur in the phenotype. it could cause something as simple as a cats ears to curl backwards or something as frighting as death. it could also occur in the protien-coding area and have an effect on that but no effect on the amino acids. what has to occur is a changing in the hox gene or the control gene.

an organism's phenotype is the  form of a trait  that it  displays. for  flowercolor, a pea  plant  can  display  a phenotype of purple or white flowers. an organism's  genotype  is the alleles of a gene it contains. based on his data, mendel concluded that a phenotype can be  determined  by more than one  genotype.

2%? i tried finding the exact sorry if it's not 100% correct ; -;

not too sure but maybe in the hot springs.