Mutations in dna include deletions and insertions. these types of mutations:

a) result in different amino acids to be read due to frame shifts

b) result in segments of dna being translocated in the genome

c) increase the frequency of polyploidy

d) always result in disease or harmful effects

e) all of these

(A). Result in different amino acids to be read due to frame shifts

Explanation:

Insertion or deletion mutations (or Indel mutations) can be defined as mutations in DNA due to insertion (addition) or deletion of nucleotide bases in DNA.  

These mutations lead to change in reading frames (sequence of codons), which leads to formation of protein having completely different amino acid sequence. Hence, these mutations are also cause frameshift mutations.

This is due due to triplet nature of genetic codes as insertion or deletion of one or more bases (but not three) would change change in codon sequence and mutated sequence can form a non-functional or truncated protein.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

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