Which these processes are necessary for roots to be able to take up water and minerals

The processes that are necessary for roots to absorb water and minerals are as follows:

* Diffusion

*Passive transport

Both of these processes allow for a balance between the roots and external factors (soil, e.g.), and ensure that the materials are moving from a place of high concentration to low concentration. This requires the use of no energy, and makes it "priceless" to move materials into the roots. Without these two processes, plants would be deprived of nutrients and other vital substances.

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the answer would be 2, if crossing over doesn’t occur 2 out of 4 of the daughter cells will have that allele.

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enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products