Microorganisms can mutate and evolve very quickly compared to most multicellular organisms. this allows pathogenic microorganisms to infect new species. suppose a very harmful microorganism that is quite successful at infecting hardwood trees is introduced into a forest ecosystem. what effect would this pathogenic microorganism most likely have?

List two new traits (structural or behavioral) that each new species of rat might demonstrate as it adapts to the conditions on two of the four islands. choose only two islands that are described in the lesson. record the island latter and the major habitat feature of the island. then list two new traits each rat subspecies might demonstrate in order to survive the habitat on that island. note: new traits should be unique to that island and be in response to that island’s habitat feature. i cannot remember islands that were names in the lesson so only answer if you have done the lesson (5.13 life science 7b) choose 2 of the islands and describe a structural and a behavioral trait for a rat on each island so 4 total answers, 2 different structurals and 2 different behaviorals, one for each rat for each island

Look at the photo of the leaf. which term best describes this leaf?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).