What organisms were initially used for genetic engineering?
a. bacteria
b. tomato
c. pea plant
d. pansy

What causes darkening of the skin as melanin production increases

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction that does not require a mate. it’s rarely seen in birds and higher vertebrates. parthenogenesis involves the formation of a zygote. but this zygote is formed without fertilization. in parthenogenesis, in the absence of a male gamete, the ovum develops directly in the zygote.

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? a) a population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population. b) the separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs. c) the isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population. d) different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations. e) gene flow between the two populations is extensive.