1. in your own words, describe how scientists classify living things.

Well all animals are known for their characteristics so are placed in specific groups that match with their characteristics. Hope this helped :)

The members of each group of living things share a set of special features unique to that group. Scientists are always looking for these characteristics or 'observable features' which allow them to group different species together and see how they are related to each other.

1 digestive system

2 stomach

3 bladder

4 carbon deoxide

5 tiger

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.