Which of these is the second of the three stages of cell signaling?

a gene activation
b reception
c binding of a neurotransmitter to a plasma membrane receptor
d transduction
e cell response

d transduction

Explanation:

Cell signaling can be divided into three phases:

1.Reception - This is a stage in which receptor on the target cell receives the signal (ligand binds to receptor). Receptors might be located on the target cell (cell membrane) or inside the cell (nucleus)

2.Transduction- This is a phase in which signal molecule triggers the receptor of the target cell (receptor changes, e.g. it changes its conformation). Transduction is usually multistep process.

3.Response- Each signal received by the target cell trigger a specific cellular response. It can be some kind of metabolic cellular activity or different gene expression.

d concave shape of wave rock

explanation:

the concave shape of wave rock is a very good evidence that supports the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering. if we talk about structure of   wave rock, studies have estimated that it is around 2.7 billion years old. it also serves as the foundation of evidence that it was the place where australian continent began to form.

how the structure of wave rock was created?

studies suggest that structure of wave rock was created when the surrounded area was started to weather due to which deposition of material started on the part of land which now contains wave rock.

the structure of wave rock is considered to be one of the best-known landforms in australia. at the height of around 15 cm, there can be found flared slopes which formulate the margins of hyden rock. it is now assumed by geologists that wave rock was created by subsurface water-induced weathering and not by glaciers, waves or wind.

due to deposition of material over the period of long time, the wave rock became tougher and tougher due to weathering from surrounding terrain. this makes it a physical evidence that supports   the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering.

hope it !

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