(electron transport chain and atp synthase)which of the four complexes pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix? complexes i, ii, and ivcomplexes i, ii, and iiicomplexes i, iii, and ivall four complexes pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix.

All four complexes pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix

Explanation:

What differs are the biochemical processed by which each complex pumps out the protons. Only ATP synthase pumps proton from the intermembrane space to the matrix. This is as it harnesses the proton motive force, created by the other complexes, to generate ATP molecules.

i think its the first one

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.